understanding INFORMATION DISORDER theory

 

 

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At First Draft, we advocate using the terms that are most appropriate for the type of content; whether that’s propaganda, lies, conspiracies, rumors, hoaxes, hyperpartisan content, falsehoods or manipulated media. We also prefer to use the terms disinformation, misinformation or malinformation. Collectively, we call it information disorder.

Video training series

Source:

This video with Alastair Reid, Digital Editor, walks you through examples of the seven most common types of information disorder. To understand information disorder we need to understand the different types of content being created and shared, the motivations of those who create it, and how it spreads. These help us understand the complexity of this ecosystem and the shades of grey that exist between true and false. --

Covering coronavirus: An online course for journalists This online course gives journalists the practical tools, techniques, and advice they need to tackle the infodemic and produce credible coverage on coronavirus.

Sign-up for free and get started http://covid.firstdraftnews.org​ - First Draft is a non-partisan, non-profit organization that harnesses the power of community to champion credible news coverage across the world. Through the tools we provide, journalists and the public can make informed judgments about the information they encounter online. You can find more of our research, training, and journalist resources at http://www.firstdraftnews.org​.

Follow us on Twitter to keep up with the latest news on information disorder: http://www.twitter.com/firstdraftnews​ Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more videos, resources, training and tools on information disorder: http://www.youtube.com/firstdraftnews

INFORMATION DISORDER:
Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making

Source:

While the historical impact of rumours and fabricated content has been well documented, efforts to better understand today’s challenge of information pollution on a global scale are only just beginning. Concern about the implications of dis-information campaigns designed specifically to sow mistrust and confusion and to sharpen existing sociocultural divisions using nationalistic, ethnic, racial and religious tensions is growing. The Council of Europe report on “Information Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making” is an attempt to comprehensively examine information disorder and to outline ways to address it.

Download full abstract here

How To Argue – The Hierarchy of Disagreement

 How To Argue – The Hierarchy of Disagreement

source:
https://blog.adioma.com/how-to-argue-pg-hierarchy-of-disagreement/

The hierarchy of argument

    Name-calling.
    Ad Hominem.
    Responding to Tone.
    Contradiction.
    Counterargument.
    Refutation.
    Refuting the Central Point.

Visualized as an infographic, the hierarchy forms a pyramid with the most convincing type of disagreement at the top. According to Paul Graham, it also happens to be the least common. Not only does it take some skill to identify the central point of an argument and to find how to refute it, this way of arguing also requires that the opponent commit to the central point of the argument. This is rare because we often tend to reframe arguments in an attempt to make the central point be something else.

This simple pyramid shows by way of a metaphor that the least convincing arguments are the most common and take the least effort to make. It also shows that the strongest form of argument requires the most acceptance of the author’s point which in itself is a form of agreement. So, the strongest form of disagreement includes an element of agreement!

In between, the types of disagreement often take on the form of logical fallacies. These have been beautifully catalogued here. Ad hominem attack is just one of several dozen possible fallacies. Even if a person is not committing a logical fallacy, they might still be experiencing a cognitive bias. These biases can lead us into the ineffective forms of disagreement without us realizing it. This master info graphic classifies many cognitive biases and some logical fallacies.
Arguing And Not Offending

Arguments tend to be associated with negative emotions. We often fear that by disagreeing we offend the author. The pyramid shows that there are indeed a few ways of arguing that are necessarily offensive: the name-calling and the ad hominem attack. The closer an argument approaches the refutation of the central point, the less offensive it is.

This is somewhat of a paradox because the strongest form of disagreement is also the least offensive. It also takes the most effort. Of course, it comes with a risk of you failing to find a refutation as strong as the central point requires. But even a good-faith attempt to do so shows that you understood the central point. The author will know that you heard them, at least. That already is a form of acceptance.
The Basic Norms of How to Argue

The pyramid of disagreement can also be re-written as a set of rules.
1. Do not name-call.

This may be obvious but sometimes a sophisticated form of name-calling can sound positive, even endearing, such as “sweetheart”.
2. Do not attack the opponent’s persona.

Again, most of us would not use obvious forms of ad hominem attacks. The concealed ad hominem may be attacking the person’s authority to speak on the topic. For example, one could attack this piece by pointing out that the author is not a psychologist and, therefore, has no authority to give such advice. This is true, and even relevant, but it is still a weak form of argument because it does not refute anything in the article.
3. Respond to the substance, not to the tone.

How something is said often matters to us more than what is said. This is true when we prioritize our feelings above logic. But feelings are not always paramount. If a doctor announces that you are about to become a parent, for example, you will not remember their tone as much as the content of their statement. So when arguing, give the opponent the benefit of the doubt listening to the substance and not so much the form. Another form of this would be nitpicking: one can find a typo in this article and dismiss the whole piece altogether.
4. Do not contradict without offering supporting evidence

A contradiction is merely stating that the opposite is true but without relying on reasoning or authority. In matters of fact, it would be the work of the opponent to find facts supporting the opposing view. In matters of principle or taste, the opponent would have to reason or appeal to a higher authority.
5. Do not argue in general, argue THEIR central point

It is easier to pick one of the minor points and argue that which is more convenient. This is a form of intellectual trickery. This tactic can be accompanied by attempts to make the author think that they misunderstood what their central point was. Even if sophisticated, this is still a form of aggression.
6. Do not use their own words to argue another point

Even more refined a tactic, is quoting them to support some other point, not the one they made. This is again simply a trick that, if caught, will make them angry. Do not risk being caught doing this. You may lose their trust.
7. Do point to a flaw in their central argument

If you do see a mistake in the central argument, state it by quoting them and providing supporting evidence that the opposite is true.

If all people followed these seven rules, the number of arguments would sharply decrease. And I do not mean a seven-fold decrease. Probably much more than that although I don’t know how much. People would slow down to process their arguments, attempting to identify the central points, and in the process eliminate responses based on logical fallacies and their cognitive biases. We would not all agree as a result, but we would become more deliberate in what we argue about.

The info-graphic above is based on the essay “How to Disagree” by Paul Graham.
Read more on: Paul Graham

venn diagrams and the logic of class

 venn diagrams and the logic of class

sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_of_class
https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/tutorial/venn-diagram

What is a Venn diagram?

A Venn diagram uses overlapping circles or other shapes to illustrate the logical relationships between two or more sets of items. Often, they serve to graphically organize things, highlighting how the items are similar and different.

Venn diagrams, also called Set diagrams or Logic diagrams, are widely used in mathematics, statistics, logic, teaching, linguistics, computer science and business. Many people first encounter them in school as they study math or logic, since Venn diagrams became part of “new math” curricula in the 1960s. These may be simple diagrams involving two or three sets of a few elements, or they may become quite sophisticated, including 3D presentations, as they progress to six or seven sets and beyond. They are used to think through and depict how items relate to each within a particular “universe” or segment. Venn diagrams allow users to visualize data in clear, powerful ways, and therefore are commonly used in presentations and reports. They are closely related to Euler diagrams, which differ by omitting sets if no items exist in them. Venn diagrams show relationships even if a set is empty.

Venn diagram: wiki
A Venn diagram may also be called a primary diagram, set diagram or logic diagram. It is a diagram that shows all possible logical relations between a finite collection of different sets. These diagrams depict elements as points in the plane, and sets as regions inside closed curves. A Venn diagram consists of multiple overlapping closed curves, usually circles, each representing a set. The points inside a curve labelled S represent elements of the set S, while points outside the boundary represent elements not in the set S. This lends itself to intuitive visualizations; for example, the set of all elements that are members of both sets S and T, denoted S ∩ T and read "the intersection of S and T", is represented visually by the area of overlap of the regions S and T.[1][2]

In Venn diagrams, the curves are overlapped in every possible way, showing all possible relations between the sets. They are thus a special case of Euler diagrams, which do not necessarily show all relations. Venn diagrams were conceived around 1880 by John Venn. They are used to teach elementary set theory, as well as illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics, and computer science.

A Venn diagram in which the area of each shape is proportional to the number of elements it contains is called an area-proportional (or scaled) Venn diagram.


logic of class: WIKI
Venn diagrams are used heavily in the logic of class branch of reasoning.

The logic of class is a branch of logic that distinguishes valid from invalid syllogistic reasonings by the use of Venn Diagrams.[1]

In syllogistic reasoning each premise takes one of the following forms, referring to an individual or class of individuals.

7 lies of civilation

 http://www.john-edwin-tobey.org/cgi-bin/ran/2017-03-23T05:12:54/ranprieur.com/essays/7lies.html

12 SECTORS DEFINITIONS

http://www.thrivemovement.com/12-sectors-definitions






Teams of people have done a lot of thinking to come up with the 12-around-1 sector model, making sure that nothing is left out. More and more organizations are using this model, including:


Evolve (http://www.evolve.org/)


Citizens Solutions Council or Strategic Global Solutions


Humanity Unites Brilliance (http://www.hubhub.org/)


The Institute of Noetic Sciences (http://www.noetic.org/)


Shift in Action (http://www.shiftinaction.com/)


Summer of Peace (http://www.summerofpeace.net/)


Transpartisan Alliance (http://www.transpartisan.net/)






The Sectors are currently identified as follows (in alphabetical order):


Arts: The realm of creative expression through various media.


Economics: The science that deals with the production, distribution, consumption and management of goods, services and currency.


Education: The realm of intentional learning - the gathering of knowledge and understanding.

Environment: The surroundings in which we live; the natural world as whole – including ourselves.


Governance: The administration of authority and leadership of a community.


Health: The vitality, well being and wholeness of a living system.


Infrastructure: The underlying physical structures and systems to support human society.


Justice: A way of protecting each individual's innate rights.


Media: The means of disseminating information and entertainment among people.


Relations: The field of human interaction: with sensations, emotions, thoughts, other beings, and the environment.


Science: The ordering of knowledge by thesis, experiment and conclusions.


Spirituality: The exploration and experience of our fundamental metaphysical nature as spirit.


Worldview: The beliefs we have about ourselves, life, and the Universe that shape how we interpret what we experience.

5 principle of self determination

entry:
one must pass thru  three barriers to begin the process of self - organization

https://www.quora.com/What-is-Triple-Filter-test-of-Socrates

thoughts, emotions and deeds must pass thru first of three gates, then these filters.

one: is it true? factual, evidence based, verifiable per reviewed and subject to falsification.
two is it kind?  compassionate, prevents harm, reduces suffering.
three: is is necessary? practical, useful helpful.
then:
four is it sustainable? to build legacy does it serve the 7th generation.
five is it inspiring? to engage self emergence relevant, adaptable.

what is truth?
https://www.iep.utm.edu/truth/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemic_theories_of_truth
what is compassion?
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/buddhist_conceptions_of_compassion_an_annotated_bibliography
what is practical?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practical_philosophy
what is sustainablity?
https://thenaturalstep.org/approach/
what is emergence?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence





FIRST PRINCIPLE:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelema


do what thou wilt, yet, harm ye, none.
universal right to self determination.
regulate self determination until no harm is reached

freedom from exploitation
suppress the freedom to exploit others

absolute right to self governance.
http://pinoleville-nsn.gov/self-governance.html

No right is more sacred to a nation, to a people, than the right to freely determine its social, economic, political, and cultural future without external interference. The fullest expression of this right occurs when a nation freely governs itself. We call the exercise of this right Self- Determination. The practice of this right is Self- Governance.

                                 - Joe De La Cruz

second principle: universal commons

https://www.universalcommons.com/the-big-picture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource-based_economy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good_(economics)

https://basicincome.stanford.edu/about/what-is-ubi/

1. universal commons earth: access to resources food, shelter, heat, material goods, security and travel
2. universal commons water: all have access to life sustaining clean water and travel
3. universal commons air: access to clean life sustaining breathe and travel
4: universal commons to fire/media: represents universal access to all forms of communications, digital space, educational and entertainment
5. universal commons of space: represents universal access to the future of human spirit of endeavor, satellites, travel, colonization where possible.

all environmental interfaces are regulated as universal commons. governed in these 5 categories.

third principle
self development

once the basic mechanisms of survival is satisfied. the 3rd level of universal access to the emergent progression. for the express purpose to follow the maslovs theory of needs

forth principleemergent transition dharma fulfillment

individual participation in society government is based on self determination of this framework.
to fulfill potential and purpose.
https://singularityhub.com/2018/06/15/the-more-people-with-purpose-the-better-the-world-will-be/

5th principal
social organization

self exclusion and social concentration coalescence into affinity groups based on these self determination, self-actualization, transcendent realization of purpose of being meets intentional communities and work groups, think tanks, institutes and universities. your community is out there. find your tribe!

https://www.ic.org/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Potential_Movement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esalen_Institute

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Evolution_(book)

locations: new cities 

dont like your government start your own 200 miles off shore in international waters.

after sufficient growth and self evolution these emergent groups can organize into theses alternatives.

NOTE: several agencies are currently in development and in the design phase.

1. underground

2. underwater/ocean surfaces

3.floating blimp cities

4. orbit cities

5. extra-planetary colonies.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubTropolis

https://www.seasteading.org/

https://interestingengineering.com/7-things-you-should-know-about-the-future-of-underwater-cities

https://www.thevenusproject.com/resource-based-economy/

https://www.gaia.com/article/alternative-3-secret-space-program-connection